主题
本教程演示如何使用 LlamaIndex 和 Milvus 构建用于 RAG 的异步文档处理流水线。LlamaIndex 提供了一种处理文档并将其存储到 Milvus 等向量数据库中的方式。通过利用 LlamaIndex 和 Milvus Python 客户端库的异步 API,我们可以提高流水线的吞吐量,从而高效地处理和索引大量数据。
在本教程中,我们将首先从高层介绍如何使用异步方法通过 LlamaIndex 和 Milvus 构建 RAG,然后介绍底层方法的使用以及同步与异步的性能对比。
开始之前
本页面的代码片段需要 pymilvus 和 llamaindex 依赖项。你可以使用以下命令安装它们:
! pip install -U pymilvus llama-index-vector-stores-milvus llama-index nest-asyncio如果你使用 Google Colab,为了启用刚刚安装的依赖项,你可能需要重启运行时(点击屏幕顶部的 “Runtime” 菜单,然后从下拉菜单中选择 “Restart session”)。
我们将使用 OpenAI 的模型。你应将 API 密钥 OPENAI_API_KEY 准备为环境变量。
import os
os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "sk-***********"如果你使用 Jupyter Notebook,则需要在运行异步代码之前运行这一行代码。
import nest_asyncio
nest_asyncio.apply()准备数据
你可以使用以下命令下载示例数据:
! mkdir -p 'data/'
! wget 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/run-llama/llama_index/main/docs/examples/data/paul_graham/paul_graham_essay.txt' -O 'data/paul_graham_essay.txt'
! wget 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/run-llama/llama_index/main/docs/examples/data/10k/uber_2021.pdf' -O 'data/uber_2021.pdf'使用异步处理构建 RAG
本节展示如何构建一个能够以异步方式处理文档的 RAG 系统。
导入必要的库,并定义 Milvus URI 和嵌入维度。
import asyncio
import random
import time
from llama_index.core.schema import TextNode, NodeRelationship, RelatedNodeInfo
from llama_index.core.vector_stores import VectorStoreQuery
from llama_index.vector_stores.milvus import MilvusVectorStore
URI = "http://localhost:19530"
DIM = 768
- 如果你有大规模数据,可以在 docker 或 kubernetes 上搭建一个高性能的 Milvus 服务器。在此设置中,请使用服务器 URI,例如
http://localhost:19530,作为你的uri。- 如果你想使用 Zilliz Cloud——Milvus 的全托管云服务,请调整
uri和token,它们对应 Zilliz Cloud 中的公共端点和 API 密钥。- 对于复杂系统(例如网络通信),异步处理相比同步可以带来性能提升。因此我们认为 Milvus-Lite 不适合使用异步接口,因为其适用场景并不合适。
定义一个初始化函数,以便我们再次使用它重建 Milvus 集合。
def init_vector_store():
return MilvusVectorStore(
uri=URI,
# token=TOKEN,
dim=DIM,
collection_name="test_collection",
embedding_field="embedding",
id_field="id",
similarity_metric="COSINE",
consistency_level="Strong",
overwrite=True, # To overwrite the collection if it already exists
)
vector_store = init_vector_store()2025-01-24 20:04:39,414 [DEBUG][_create_connection]: Created new connection using: faa8be8753f74288bffc7e6d38942f8a (async_milvus_client.py:600)使用 SimpleDirectoryReader 从文件 paul_graham_essay.txt 包装一个 LlamaIndex 文档对象。
from llama_index.core import SimpleDirectoryReader
# load documents
documents = SimpleDirectoryReader(
input_files=["./data/paul_graham_essay.txt"]
).load_data()
print("Document ID:", documents[0].doc_id)Document ID: 41a6f99c-489f-49ff-9821-14e2561140eb在本地实例化一个 Hugging Face 嵌入模型。使用本地模型可以避免在异步数据插入期间触及 API 速率限制的风险,因为并发 API 请求会迅速累积并耗尽你在公共 API 上的预算。不过,如果你的速率限制较高,也可以选择使用远程模型服务。
from llama_index.embeddings.huggingface import HuggingFaceEmbedding
embed_model = HuggingFaceEmbedding(model_name="BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5")创建一个索引并插入文档。
我们将 use_async 设置为 True 以启用异步插入模式。
# Create an index over the documents
from llama_index.core import VectorStoreIndex, StorageContext
storage_context = StorageContext.from_defaults(vector_store=vector_store)
index = VectorStoreIndex.from_documents(
documents,
storage_context=storage_context,
embed_model=embed_model,
use_async=True,
)初始化 LLM。
from llama_index.llms.openai import OpenAI
llm = OpenAI(model="gpt-3.5-turbo")在构建查询引擎时,你也可以将 use_async 参数设置为 True 以启用异步搜索。
query_engine = index.as_query_engine(use_async=True, llm=llm)
response = await query_engine.aquery("What did the author learn?")print(response)The author learned that the field of artificial intelligence, as practiced at the time, was not as promising as initially believed. The approach of using explicit data structures to represent concepts in AI was not effective in achieving true understanding of natural language. This realization led the author to shift his focus towards Lisp and eventually towards exploring the field of art.探索异步 API
在本节中,我们将介绍底层 API 的用法,并比较同步和异步运行的性能。
异步添加
重新初始化向量存储。
vector_store = init_vector_store()2025-01-24 20:07:38,727 [DEBUG][_create_connection]: Created new connection using: 5e0d130f3b644555ad7ea6b8df5f1fc2 (async_milvus_client.py:600)让我们定义一个节点生成函数,用于为索引生成大量测试节点。
def random_id():
random_num_str = ""
for _ in range(16):
random_digit = str(random.randint(0, 9))
random_num_str += random_digit
return random_num_str
def produce_nodes(num_adding):
node_list = []
for i in range(num_adding):
node = TextNode(
id_=random_id(),
text=f"n{i}_text",
embedding=[0.5] * (DIM - 1) + [random.random()],
relationships={
NodeRelationship.SOURCE: RelatedNodeInfo(node_id=f"n{i+1}")
},
)
node_list.append(node)
return node_list定义一个异步函数,用于将文档添加到向量存储。我们使用 Milvus 向量存储实例中的 async_add() 函数。
async def async_add(num_adding):
node_list = produce_nodes(num_adding)
start_time = time.time()
tasks = []
for i in range(num_adding):
sub_nodes = node_list[i]
task = vector_store.async_add([sub_nodes]) # use async_add()
tasks.append(task)
results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
end_time = time.time()
return end_time - start_timeadd_counts = [10, 100, 1000]获取事件循环。
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()异步地将文档添加到向量存储。
for count in add_counts:
async def measure_async_add():
async_time = await async_add(count)
print(f"Async add for {count} took {async_time:.2f} seconds")
return async_time
loop.run_until_complete(measure_async_add())Async add for 10 took 0.19 seconds
Async add for 100 took 0.48 seconds
Async add for 1000 took 3.22 secondsvector_store = init_vector_store()2025-01-24 20:07:45,554 [DEBUG][_create_connection]: Created new connection using: b14dde8d6d24489bba26a907593f692d (async_milvus_client.py:600)与同步添加比较
定义一个同步添加函数。然后在相同条件下测量运行时间。
def sync_add(num_adding):
node_list = produce_nodes(num_adding)
start_time = time.time()
for node in node_list:
result = vector_store.add([node])
end_time = time.time()
return end_time - start_timefor count in add_counts:
sync_time = sync_add(count)
print(f"Sync add for {count} took {sync_time:.2f} seconds")Sync add for 10 took 0.56 seconds
Sync add for 100 took 5.85 seconds
Sync add for 1000 took 62.91 seconds结果表明,同步添加过程比异步添加慢得多。
异步搜索
重新初始化向量存储,并在运行搜索之前添加一些文档。
vector_store = init_vector_store()
node_list = produce_nodes(num_adding=1000)
inserted_ids = vector_store.add(node_list)2025-01-24 20:08:57,982 [DEBUG][_create_connection]: Created new connection using: 351dc7ea4fb14d4386cfab02621ab7d1 (async_milvus_client.py:600)定义一个异步搜索函数。我们使用 Milvus 向量存储实例中的 aquery() 函数。
async def async_search(num_queries):
start_time = time.time()
tasks = []
for _ in range(num_queries):
query = VectorStoreQuery(
query_embedding=[0.5] * (DIM - 1) + [0.6], similarity_top_k=3
)
task = vector_store.aquery(query=query) # use aquery()
tasks.append(task)
results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
end_time = time.time()
return end_time - start_timequery_counts = [10, 100, 1000]从 Milvus 存储中异步搜索。
for count in query_counts:
async def measure_async_search():
async_time = await async_search(count)
print(
f"Async search for {count} queries took {async_time:.2f} seconds"
)
return async_time
loop.run_until_complete(measure_async_search())Async search for 10 queries took 0.55 seconds
Async search for 100 queries took 1.39 seconds
Async search for 1000 queries took 8.81 seconds与同步搜索比较
定义一个同步搜索函数。然后在相同条件下测量运行时间。
def sync_search(num_queries):
start_time = time.time()
for _ in range(num_queries):
query = VectorStoreQuery(
query_embedding=[0.5] * (DIM - 1) + [0.6], similarity_top_k=3
)
result = vector_store.query(query=query)
end_time = time.time()
return end_time - start_timefor count in query_counts:
sync_time = sync_search(count)
print(f"Sync search for {count} queries took {sync_time:.2f} seconds")Sync search for 10 queries took 3.29 seconds
Sync search for 100 queries took 30.80 seconds
Sync search for 1000 queries took 308.80 seconds结果表明,同步搜索过程比异步搜索慢得多。